In 50 years, Steve Jobs will be forgotten, Gladwell says

Author Malcolm Gladwell suggests that in 50 years' time people will remember the great societal contributions of Bill Gates far better than those of Steve Jobs, whom he describes as "shameless."

by Chris Matyszczyk

  June 7, 2012 3:09 PM PDT

Whom should we revere from 50 years ago?

Should it be Pope John XXIII for excommunicating Fidel Castro? Or the Beach Boys for riding into the world with their surfin' sound? Should it be John Glenn for being the first American to orbit the Earth? Or what then was known as the European Common Market (now the EU) for admitting Greece?

I ask because Malcolm Gladwell, author of "The Tipping Point," has expressed decidedly straight views on which of tech's great and current names will be revered in 2062.

I am grateful to the often historical Business Insider for alerting me to Gladwell's recent appearance at the Toronto Public Library's Appel Salon.

Gladwell forcefully declared that Apple's Steve Jobs would be something of a forgotten figure, especially in relation to Microsoft's Bill Gates. (I have embedded the video. The important part starts at around the 9:30 mark.)

He said: "I firmly believe that 50 years from now, (Gates) will be remembered for his charitable work, no one will even remember what Microsoft is."

It's an interesting point. Who remembers Electronic Data Systems, which Ross Perot created in 1962?

Still, Gladwell is the author of "Outliers," and he does enjoy offering outlying thought to stimulate debate. So who could be surprised that he didn't stop at this flattery for Gates?

For he added: "And of the great entrepreneurs of this era people will have forgotten Steve Jobs. Who's Steve Jobs again? There will be statues of Gates across the third world."

Who knows if there'll even be an Earth in 2062? Yet Gladwell offers a perception that humanity will somehow manage to respect human goodness with statues and honors and forget rapacious, single-minded -- in his words "amoral" -- corporate leaders.

It's an oddly optimistic thought. It's always my impression that statues are often erected to honor conquerors and winners. In England, Admiral Lord Nelson and Queen Boadicea. In the U.S., George Washington and Willie Mays.

Still, Gladwell is fascinated that today we seem to revere certain corporate figures. He describes them as "our new prophets." Yet, for him, these great business people are, in essence slightly inhuman. They shutter any humanity they might have in favor of the pursuit of profit.

Something, though, happened to Gates.

"Gates is the most ruthless capitalist, and then he wakes up one morning and he says, 'enough.' And he steps down, he takes his money, he takes it off the table," said Gladwell.

"There's a reasonable shot that, because of his money, we will cure malaria," he added.

He contrasted this with his now well-known view of Steve Jobs as a tinkerer, rather than a great creator.

"Every idea he had came from somebody else -- and, by the way, he would be the first to say this," he said. (The second, surely.)

"He was quite happy ripping people off," is Gladwell's view.

He went on to call Jobs "shameless" and "a self-promoter on a level that we have rarely seen." He justified this view by noting of the Jobs biography written by Walter Isaacson: "He designed the cover. Who does that?"

Before leaving the subject of tech, Gladwell also managed a chuckle at the idea that Google's Larry Page and Sergey Brin are risk-takers.

So let's all salute the sun and meditate on what this world will look like in 50 years' time.

Surely the only certain thing is that, if the world is still the viable little planet that could, its inhabitants will have one instinctive reaction to our era: they will laugh at us.

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iOS still tops Android with app developers

Study finds that iOS's lopsided developer revenue and Android fragmentation contribute to the disparity.

(Credit: Flurry Analytics)

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Despite Android's greater share of the smartphone market, Apple's iOS continues to attract greater support from app developers.

Nearly seven of every 10 apps being created in the first quarter of 2012 were for the iOS platform, with the remaining three going to Android, according to new data released today by research firm Flurry Analytics. iOS generates twice as many apps as Android despite Google's mobile operating system commanding 50.8 percent of the smartphone market compared with Apple's 31.4 percent, according to ComScore data release last week.

One key reason for Apple's popularity with developers is its dominance in the tablet market. Apple's iPad accounted for 88 percent of all tablet user sessions in the first five months of 2012, followed by Samsung's Galaxy Tab with 9 percent and Amazon's Kindle Fire with 3 percent.

App authors can also expect a greater payout from iOS compared with Android, with Apple's mobile operating system delivering developers four times the revenue as their Android counterpart per user, Flurry found.

"At the end of the day, developers run businesses, and businesses seek out markets where revenue opportunities are highest and the cost of building and distributing is lowest," Flurry said in its findings. "In short, Android delivers less gain and more pain than iOS, which we believe is the key reason 7 out of every 10 apps built in the new economy are for iOS instead of Android."

(Credit: Flurry Analytics)

Another contributing factor to developer disparity is fragmentation in software and hardware, which Flurry said appears to be increasing, making Google's platform more complex and costly for developers. The study notes that 17 of the top 20 Android devices in May 2012 had a share of 6 percent or less in consumer application sessions, meaning that each additional device supported by developers will deliver only a small increase in distribution.

Firmware is also a stumbling point, with Gingerbread, the third newest Android version, commanding 70 percent of user sessions, while newer versions Honeycomb and Ice Cream Sandwich combined register on 11 percent of market penetration.

"This means that the majority of consumers are running on an Android operating system that is three to four iterations old," Flurry said.

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Proof of ALLAH

	Proof of God The Islamic Belief and subsequently the Islamic way of life are built on an intellectual basis. Therefore, Islam is neither a religion nor set of values and rituals that arise from Blind Faith. Rather Islam is an intellectual belief from which emanates a comprehensive socio-political and economical system. To understand the unique system that Islam offers necessitates the explanation of the Islamic belief i.e. the proof in God, Allah (SWT) and the word of God, the Qur'an. God: The Arguments Today if you mention God then you'll probably get a negative reaction. It has become the trend to get on with life and not bother to ask the question whether there is a God or not. In fact this question was not even asked much in the days of old, when you simply had to believe in God or be persecuted. Therefore, it is not surprising that people find it easy to believe that the existence of God is a myth, simply because they have never thought deeply about the idea. It is because people continued to believe in God blindly, i.e. Blind Faith, rather than use ration, that science and its attempted explanations of universal phenomena was hailed as the 'new God'. But let us deal with both arguments - for and against the existence of a creator - from a rational perspective. A common argument by many Christians and some other religions is that God is the God of many abstract attributes such as Love, Peace, and Mercy which indeed are admirable qualities for human beings to aspire to. This characterisation of God is based upon an implicit assumption that God can be likened to human beings thus the attempt to understand God in a human framework. Accordingly, we find in some societies such as early Greek that individual gods are used to represent single human attributes, and other cultures gods have quality to reproduce. The question this begs is whether the essence of an unlimited Creator is understandable through a limited, imperfect human mind when God lies beyond our perception? Rational thought would dictate that if God exists then knowledge of God's attributes can only come from Itself. Therefore, famine in the world leading to deaths of millions would not deny the justice, mercy or love of a supposed God, but would only if one attributed the human essence to God. Similarly, if one understands God as the Governor and controller of the Universe then the notion of God dying is nonsensical. This is the failure of Christianity and indeed all religions, as their belief becomes a matter of 'Blind Faith'. Consequently, they allow themselves to be plagued by rational contradictions that inevitably lead to intellectual refutation. With regard to opposing view proposed by scientific theories to disprove the existence of God. Are these arguments valid? To understand the validity of any proposed argument the premise should be examined. Science is concerned with the methodology of processes in the physical world, i.e. it deals with 'how' and not 'why'. Thus scientists are not concerned with why gravity exists but how gravity influences bodies to shape this universe. The scientific method is limited in that it can only deduce rules by repeated observations of physical phenomena. Thus the question of the existence of God does not and cannot fall into the realm of scientific thought because science deals with the mechanisms of events and phenomena within the universe i.e. the tangible and not intangible. To test the hypothesis to apply scientific proof for or against God, one would effectively have said that God is "testable". Therefore, logically one would conclude God to be within the universe since God must be physically tangible in order to test. Since God is tangible and contained within the universe, God must be limited and therefore cannot be God. Thus scientists are falling into the same trap as the blind followers of religion, which is they are implicitly defining a role to God as the 'one who makes things work'. Since scientists have explained how things work the question of God does not arise. Those who argue from this angle have falsely assumed an attribute/essence of God in the same way Christians say God has a son or is love. To prove or disprove the existence of a creator we need to go beyond the limitations of the scientific method and proceed rationally for it is only rational thought which has the ability to deal with an issue like this. The Rational Thought Man progresses as a result of his thoughts concerning everything around him. Thoughts are what distinguish man from other animals and without them man would be lost. Thought occurs when man receives information about something through his five senses. He then distinguishes it by linking it to previous information and experiences he has encountered. For example, a person comes across a plant. He knows that it is a plant due to previous knowledge of what a plant looks like. But only when he links it with previous information on the various types of plants will he be able to tell if it is edible or poisonous. Hence, just receiving information is not enough. It will remain only as information that we cannot appreciate or understand. However the process of linking it to previous information and distinguishing the information is the process of thought and is the key of understanding and progressing. Consequently, when man becomes convinced of the correctness of thought, it becomes a concept that he carries, thus, affecting his behaviour. For example, if we carry a concept of dislike of someone, it will affect our behaviour towards that person. So we see that carrying false ideas has serious implications for a person and if such false ideas are carried widely it has serious implications for society. Thus the idea and question of God has serious implications because the answer obtained becomes the very basis by which we understand the creation and purpose of man, life and the universe. Therefore, the method used should not merely be the rational thought but be comprehensive and agree with reality. Anything hypothetical or emotional should be rejected since their basis disagrees with ration and reality. The Rational Proof When we look around at everything we can sense, these things share one factor, and that is that they are all limited. By limited we mean that they have restrictions, a starting point and an ending point, and they all have definable attributes, i.e. they are finite. Man is born and he dies. There is no one alive who will not die. During his life span, he will grow to a certain shape, height and volume. The universe is defined as all the celestial bodies and plants. All these objects have a certain mass, shape, volume and so on. The life span of a star may be very long, but a point in time will come when it will cease to exist. The universe is large, but is still a 'finite' space. No scientist could ever prove using hard facts that the universe has no bounds. In fact when they say the universe arose from a Big Bang and is expanding they inherently admit it is finite in size, otherwise it could not expand! There is nothing in reality that is unlimited. No matter how hard we try, man is unable to find anything unlimited around him. All he can perceive is the finite and limited. A further attribute of everything around us is that they are all needy and dependent in order to continue existing. They are not self-sustaining or independent. Man has needs. He has to satisfy in order to survive. He has organic needs. Man must eat and drink if he is to survive. If he does not he will die. We see need and dependency in plants and animals. They depend on other parts of the food chain for existence. The water cycle is dependent on the sun, which is dependent on the laws of the galaxies and burning mass, and so on... Nothing man can perceive is self-subsistent. So things exist, but do not have the power of existence. They cannot control when they die or when other bodies die. There is one fact that emerges from all this. If something is limited and finite, and does not have the power to be self-subsistent then it must have been created. Applying this to everything we see will bring us to a conclusion. If everything in the universe is created because it has not the power of being in existence on its own, and is finite and limited, then there must be a creator. This creator by contrast has to be unlimited and not needy and dependent on anything to bring it into, or sustain it's existence. The universe; the sum of all finite and dependent objects is finite and dependent - but dependent on what? Dependent on something to start and sustain life, and something to plan and develop life. The only rational and intellectual solution to the question of creation is that there is a creator who has accounted for all that we see and perceive. Ration tells us that nothing can be created without a creator. Ultimately there must be a creator who is unlimited every aspect. Some scientists challenge this with a theory that everything depends on something for existence, which in turn depends upon something for existence, and so on ad infinitum. This theory is irrational, as it does not explain how anything came into existence in the first place. It uses an idea of 'infinity' that we know does not exist in reality. It does not even make attempt, to explain the very first step in the sequence. It is illogical and incomplete in its theory, and far from being scientific. If at its basis the theory is weak, how possible to trust the proceeding theoretical argument for creation of the universe? Conclusion Hence, looking at any planet in the universe, contemplating on any phase of life, or comprehending any aspect of man provides a conclusive evidence for a Creator, what Muslims call Allah(SWT) - This intellectual proof of the existence of Allah(SWT) is an understanding open for everyone and obligatory for all Muslims to be convinced of. Each person must explore to the limit of his understanding. Blind belief has no place in Islam. -Believing through instinctive emotions is unreliable and dangerous as emotions can change and error to ones belief and actions. And if the basis of belief is irrational and weak, how can a system of life be built upon it.

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Muslims Were in America Before Columbus!

                                     Muslims Were in America Before Columbus!



The works of men such as Ivan van Vertima, Barry Fell and Alexandervon Wuthenue
represent 20th century scholarship which has stated directly or indirectly that there
has been a significant Muslim presence in the early Americas. While it is true that
there have been a number of Muslim writers such as Clyde-Ahmad Winters who have
sought to enlighten folks to that fact, it is perhaps more significant that "non -
Muslims" have conceded such evidence of pre- and post-Columbian Muslims on this
continent.
New Zealand archaeologist and linguist Barry Fell in his work Saga America (1980)
pointed to existing evidence of a Muslim presence in various parts of the Americas. In
addition to drawing several cultural parallels between West African peoples and
certain "Indian" peoples of the south -west, Fell points out that the south - west's Pima
people possessed a vocabulary which contained words of Arabic origin. The presence
of such words among the Pima is compounded by the existence of Islamic petrogyphs
in places like California. Fell informs us that in Inyo country, California, there exists
an early American petroglyph (rock carving) which stated in Arabic: "Yasus bin
Maria", ("Jesus son of Mary"), a phrase commonly found within the surahs of the
Holy Qur'an. Fell is convinced that this glyph is many centuries earlier than
Columbus' discovery of America.
Fell also identified words with Arabic roots, especially words which pertained to
navigation, astronomy, meteorology, medicine and anatomy. The presence of such
words again illustrates significant cultural contact between the American "Indians"
and the Arabic- speaking peoples of the Islamic world. Such Islamic peoples
evidently came primarily from the African continent as additional evidence suggests.
Although German art historian and collector Alexander von Wuthenau argues that the
ancient and early Americas were filled with an international melange of peoples from
Africa, Asia and Europe, his artefactua l evidence reveals that Islamic peoples were
clearly a prominent group within it. In his classic work, Unexpected faces in Ancient
America (1975), von Wuthenau specifically identifies a group of carved heads as
"Moorish- looking". Found within Mexico, such  heads are dated between 300 to 900
CE and another between 900- 1500 CE (common era). One such artifact of the
"classic" (300-900 CE) is described by von Wuthenue as "an old man with hat".
The presence of the naja among the dineh (a.k.a "Navjo") is intriguing given the other
evidence of Islamic contacts with the early American west. The naja is a crescent
moon symbol found among the dineh that is used in such things as decoration and
jewellery. While it is indeed possible that the symbol was indigenous to th e dineh, a
number of Smithsonian scholars apparently think that the symbol: "spread from
Muslim North Africa to Spain, then to Mexico, then to the Navajo".
Although the inference of the Smithsonian published text seems to be that the
Spaniards brought the naja, it seems very odd to me that the crucifix centred Catholic
Spaniards would introduce such a symbol. After all, the customarily dogmatic Catholic Spaniards would have been introducing a religious symbol which
represented the spiritual motif of their n emesis. If it was brought from Spain, I would
argue that it probably came via expelled Moorish Muslims or subjugated "Moriscos".
"Morisco" was the term used by Catholic officials to designate Moors (Moros) who
were allowed to remain in Catholic dominions.
Ivan van Sertima is of course renowned for his first revitalising original work: They
came before Columbus which outlined evidence of ancient and early African contacts
with the American continent. Although it was not the first work to discuss the topic, i t
certainly consolidated the African evidence in a more inter- disciplinary fashion
which cried out for renewed attention particularly from the African American
community. Van Sertima's other edited works like African Presence in Early America
offered additional information about the African legacy in the Americas. Both of the
above works point out proof of African Muslim settlements within the pre-Columbian
Americas.
Van Sertima identifies 12th and 13th century Chinese documents which spoke of
"Arab" Muslim trade extending beyond the Atlantic coast of west Africa. In his work
Arabic Thought and it's Place in Western History, the late British Orientalist, DeLacy
O'Leary also spoke of the area of "western Maghreb" extending "beyond the Atlantic"
during the pre-Columbian Islamic era. The question is how far did O'Leary mean?
Although O'Leary never clearly states that there was an Islamic presence in the early
Americas, his inference compels us to wonder if that is what he meant but was not
willing to say overtly.
Among the items of evidence which van Sertima unveils is the presence of African
Muslim surnames among American "Indian" peoples. Quoting a French linguist, van
Sertima points out that Ges, Zamoras, Marabitine, and Marabios are a few of the
names with clear trans-continental links.
Of particular interest to me, however, are the names "Marabitine" and "Marabios"
which I noted relate to "Marabout" (Murabit): the "Holy Men and Women" of the
Moorish Empire. The Marabouts were the protectors of African Muslim frontiers,
they are often remembered for having acted as buffers against Catholic/European
encroachment. The famed Ibn Batutah spoke of the Marabouts in his renowned
Travels. The antiquity of such a "Moorish" (African) presence in the Americas is
hereby seen to be quite early when one considers the significance of all the evidence
presented herefore.
In Panama and Colombia there were rulers whom the invading Catholic Spaniards
recognised as having "completely Moorish or biblical" names such as "DoBayda" an d
"Aben-Amechy". This was revealed by the mid-19th century French scholar Brasseur
de Bourboug and is noted in van Sertma's edited work African Presence in Early
America.
Even in the Caribbean the evidence of a significant Muslim presence can be found. P.
V. Ramos points out in his essay in African Presence in Early America that
Christopher Columbus' own impression of the "Carib" peoples was that they were
"Mohemmedans". Ramos says that the dietary restrictions of the Carib were similar to
those of Islamic peoples and this provided one reason for such an impression. Clyde Ahmad Winters in a 1978 issue of Al -Ittihad: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic
Studies, points out that large numbers of enslaved Muslims were brought to "Latin
America" by the conquering Catholic authorities of Spain and Portugal. Among the
African Islamic peoples which Winters identifies as having been brought to "Latin"
territories were the Mandig, Fula, Wolof, Berbers and Moors.
The African Muslims of early Latin America were evidently quite successful in
converting American Indians to the religion of Islam. Initially allowed to publicly
practice their faith, by 1543 Muslims in Spanish -controlled American colonies were
being expelled from there.
A Catholic Spaniard or Latino is essentially attempting to skate on melted ice when
they try to make an argument of racial supremacy or distinction. For when they insult
the African Muslim, they undoubtedly insult a significant part of themselves.
In addition, they would be denying the historic fact of the Islamic Moors' primary role
as scholarly tutors and beacons of civilized society for medieval Spain and Europe.
 By: The Message: Saudi Gazette

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A Quick Reference to Islamic History

A Quick Reference to Islamic History

Al-Khilafah ar-Rashidah

Al-Khulafaul Umawiyyun

Al-Khulafaul Abbasiyyun

Al-Khulafahul Uthmaniyyun

570 CE

Defeat of Abraha in his attempt to destroy the Kaaba

Birth of Muhammad (saaw). Father: ‘Abdullah, died before the Prophet’s birth. Mother: Aumnah,

died when the Prophet was 6 years old.

594

Muhammad (saaw) married Khadijah.

610

Muhammad (saaw) became Prophet.

Started first stage of Da’wah, teaching his Companions and the new Muslims secretly at the house

of Al-Arqam.

"Verily! Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is within themselves."

[Translation of the Meaning of the Qur’an: Ar-Ra’d 13:12]

613

Second (public) Stage of the Da’wah began with the revelation of the ayat:

"Therefore, expound openly what you are commanded and turn away from those who join false gods

with Allah." [TMQ 15:94] The interaction between the Muslims and the Kuffar began.

619

Al-Isra Wal Mi’raj.

Third Stage of Da’wah.

Begins: Seeking Nusra, physical protection, from powerful people and tribes, on the conditions that

they become Muslims in order to implement Islam.

621

First pledge of Al-Aqaba was given by Al-‘Aus and Al-Khazraj tribes from Yathrib (Madina).

Muhammad (saaw) sends Mus’ab ibn ‘Umayr to Yathrib to teach the tribes about Islam, almost the

whole of Madina becomes Muslim.

622-32

Muhammad (saaw) as Head of the Islamic State

622 CE / 1 AH

*Islamic State is established!

Second pledge of Al-Aqabah, 73 men and 2 women give Muhammad (saaw)

the Ba’yah by accepting Islam first and providing protection to the Prophet

(saaw).

Order for Hija (migration) is given by Muhammad (saaw) to the Companions.

Quraish plots to kill Muhammad (saaw), but their plans fail and Muhammad

(saaw) himself migrates.

624

*Battle of Badr, Muslims Win. 313 Muslims fought 1000 Kuffar. Most important battle in the History.

625

Battle of Uhud, Muslims lost. Some Muslims ignore one of Muhammad (saaws) order and

abandoned a key position in the battlefield. Muhammad (saaw) himself was injured.

627

*Battle of Al-Khandaq (Al-Ahzab). Muslims won. After this battle, Quraish were never able to attack

the Muslims.

628

Battle of Bani Quraidah, Muslims won.

*Treaty of Hudaibiyah with Quraish. A brilliant political move by the Prophet (saaw).

Turning point in the Seerah.

Letters to the world leaders, inviting them to Islam.

Battle of Khaibar, Muslims won.

629

Battle of Mu’tah, between Muslims and Romans, Muslims withdrew. 3,000 Muslims, 200,000 Kuffar.

630

Liberation of Makkah, after Makkah broke the Hudaibiyah treaty.

Battle of Hunain, Muslims won.

Battle of At-Ta’if, Muslims won.

Battle of Tabuk, Romans withdrew.

631

Year of the Delegations.

Remaining tribes in the Arabian peninsula give their Ba’yah (Allegiance Pledge).

632 CE / 11 AH

Farewell Hajj, 100,000 Muslims attended.

Muhammad (saaw) prepares Osama’s army to fight the Romans.

Death of Muhammd (saaw).

11-40 AH; 632-661 CE

Al-Khilafah ar-Rashidah

632-34

Khalifah Abu-Bakr As-Siddiq

632

Sahabah choose Abu-Bakr as the Khalifah.

Continue Osama’s mission.

Abu-Bakr fought the Murtadeen, tribes in Arabia who did not want to pay Zakat.

633

Battle of Yamamah, Muslims won liberating southern Syria.

Conquered Al-Hirah, Iraq.

*Qur’an is collected in the form of a book.

634 CE / 13 AH

Ajnadin battle in Palestine.

Abu-Bakr dies.

634-44

Khalifah Omar ibn Al-Khattab.

636

Barah and Ba’labak liberated.

Damascus and Hims liberated.

637

Syria and Jordan liberated.

Battle of Yarmuk, led by Khalid (bin Walid.)

Al-Kufah was built.

638

Iraq liberated.

Al-Qadissiyah battle.

*Jerusalem liberated peacefully.

Jalula’ battle, Persian leader defeated.

Many other Syrian cities liberated.

639

Initiation of the Hijri Calender by Omar. Sahabah based the start of it on the most important event in

the history of Islam, which was the Migration from Makkah to Madinah to establish the Islamic

State.

640

Remainder of Iraq and Syria liberated.

641

Qaisariyyah liberated.

642

Misr (Egypt) liberated.

Jews moved from Arabia to Syria.

643

Ended the Persian Empire, Iran liberated.

Nahawand battle.

644 CE / 23 AH

Tripoli (Libya) liberated.

Azerbaijan liberated.

Hamazan liberated.

Asfahan liberated.

Omar assassinated by a non-Muslim.

644-56

Khalifah Othman ibn Affan

648

Sapur liberated.

Tripolitania liberated.

652

Khurasan and Naisapur conquered.

656 CE / 35 AH

Othman assassinated in Madinah.

656-661

Khalifah Ali ibn Abi-Talib

658

The Camel war, between Ali and his opponents.

659

Siffin battle, between Ali and Mu’awiah.

Hasan Al Basri (643-732 CE)

660

Nahrawan war against Khawarij.

661CE / 40 AH

Ali is killed in a battle at Al-Kufah.

661-661

Khalifah Al-Hassan ibn Ali

661

Al-Hassan steps down after 6 months.

41-132 AH; 661-750 CE

Al-Khulafaul Umawiyyun

661-80

Khalifah Mu’awiah ibn Abi-Sufyan.

661

Mu’awiah becomes the Khalifah, after Al-Hasan gives him the Ba’yah.

663

Burqaha (Libya) and Kuwar (Sudan) liberated.

663-71

Many places in Asia liberated.

680-83

Khalifah Yazid ibn Mu’awiah

683-83

Khalifah Mu’awiah ibn Yazid

683-92 CE / 64-73 AH

*Abdullah bin Zubayer became the Khalifah. He was killed by Umawiyyun.

683-92

Khalifah Marwan ibn Hakim

691 CE / 72 AH

*Dome of the Rock is built in Jerusalem.

692-705

Khalifah ‘Abdil-Malik ibn Marwan.

696-705

Many Roman cities liberated.

698-703

Rest of North Africa is liberated.

705

Turkistan liberated.

705-15

Khalifah Al-Walid ibn ‘Abdil-Malik

706

Expanded Al-Masjid An-Nabawi.

Bukhara and other places liberated.

711 Al-Andalus (Spain) liberated.

Parts of France liberated.

712

Sind and Punjab (India) liberated.

Khawarizm and Samarqand liberated.

713

Kabul (Afghanistan) liberated.

715

Tus liberated.

715-17

Khalifah Sulaiman ibn ‘Abdil-Malik

Imam Zaid bin Ali (700-742 CE)

Imam Abu Hanifah (700-768 CE)

Imam Jafar (700-768 CE)

Ibn Ishaq (708-774 CE)

Imam Malik (713-797 CE)

717-720

Khalifah Omar ibn ‘Abdil-Aziz

*No poverty in the Islamic State. No one is qualified to get the Zakat money, so the money is sent

out of the State to free the slaves in Europe.

720-24

Khalifah Yazid ibn Abdil-Malik

724-43

Khalifah Hisham ibn ‘Abdil-Malik

732

Battle of Balat ash-Shuhada in Central France. Muslims lose.

743-44

Khalifah Al-Walid ibn Yazid ibn ‘Abdil-Malik

744-44

Yazid (An-Naqis) ibn Al-Walid

744-44

Khalifah Ibrahim ibn Al-Walid

Translation of Hellenistic books into Arabic took place. This led to the emergence of the

Mutakalimeen groups, such as the Mutazilah and others.

744-50

Khalifah Marwan (Al-Himar) ibn Muhammad

755

Abdur-Rahman Al-Dakhil started ruling Al-Andalus

132-923 AH; 750-1517 CE

Al-Khulafaul Abbasiyyun

750-54

Khalifah Abul-‘Abbas As-Saffah

Ruled from Al-Kufah

754-75

Khalifah Abu Ja’far Al-Mansur

756-66

Baghdad was built.

775-85

Khlaifah Al-Mahdi

Imam Shafii (767-820 CE)

785-86

Khalifah Al-Hadi

786-809

Khalifah Harun Ar-Rashid

Conquered many Roman places.

Imam Ahmed ibn Hanbal (781-856 CE)

Imam Muslim (d. 833 CE)

809-813

Khalifah Al-Amin

813-33

Khalifah Al-Ma’mun

Imam Bukhari (816-878 CE)

833-42

Khalifah Al-Mu’tasim Billah

837

*Khalifah answers the call for help of one Muslim woman, who was captured by the Romans, and

rescued her. ‘Ammuriah opened, 30,000 Romans killed, 30,000 captured.

Abu Da’wud (824-97 CE)

842-47

Khalifah Al-Wathiq Billah

Ibn Majah (831-895 CE)

847-61

Khalifah Al-Mutakwakkil ‘Allah

An-Nasa’i (837-925 CE)

861-62

Khalifah Al-Muntasir Billah

862-66

Khlaifah Al-Musta’in Billah

866-69

Khalifah Al-Mu’tazz Billah

869-70

Khalifah Al-Muhtadi Billah

870-92

Khalifah Al-Mu’tamid ‘Alallah

In the 9th Century of Hijra, the door of Ijtihad was closed, after Al-Qafal issues the Fatwa, prohibiting

Ijtihad. However, practically speaking many Mujtahideen existed in the State.

Imam Tirmidhi (d. 918 CE)

892-902

Khalifah Al-Mu’tadid Billah

899 CE / 264 AH

Rise of Qaramita sect. Eliminated in 458 AH.

Imam Tabarai (d. 932 CE)

902-08

Khalifah Al-Muktafi Billah

908-33

Khalifah Al-Muqtadir Billah

913 CE / 301 AH

Al-Hamra Qasr (Al-Cazar) was built in Seville.

930 CE / 317 AH

Qaramita attack Makkah during Hajj and steal the Black Stone.

933-34

Khalifah Al Qahir Billah

934-40

Khalifah Ar-Radhi Billah

940-44

Khalifah Al-Muttaqi Lillah

944-45

Khalifah Al-Mustakfi Billah

945-74

Khalifah Al-Muti Lillah

947 CE / 336 AH

Saif Ad-Dawlah establishes Hamadids in Aleppo.

969

Cairo was built.

970-72

Al-Mu’izz built Al-Azhar University to propagate Fatimids doctrine. Later on Salah ad-Din changed

Al-Azhar to the right direction.

974-91

Khalifah At-Ta’i Lillah

987 CE / 377 AH

Great Mosque in Cordoba was built.

991-1031

Khalifah Al-Qadir Billah

996-1021

Al-Hakim Bi-Amrish-Shaitan, (not Bi-Amrillah) ruled Misr (Egypt).

Imam ibn Hazm (994-1064 CE)

1031-74

Khalifah Al-Qa’im Bi-Amrillah

1037 CE / 429 AH

Seljuqs led by Tughril conquered Khurasanand.

1046 CE / 489 AH

Pope Urban II starts the first Crusade Campaign.

1060

Sicily liberated.

1070

Alb Arsalan defeated the Romans, captures their king and then released him for a ransom.

1074-94

Khalifah Al-Muqtadi Bi-Amrillah

1090 CE / 483 AH

Beginning of Assassins (Butinyyah group). Eliminated in 1256 CE.

1094-1118

Khalifah Al-Mustazhir Billah

1099

Al-Batiniyyah group appeared in Asfahan.

The Crusaders occupied Jerusalem, with the help of Fatimids.

1106

Asfahan liberated, Al-Batiniyyah killed.

1107-08

The Crusader conquered Tripoli and parts of Syria.

1109

Yusuf ibn Tashfin of Al-Barbar defeated the Crusaders in Al-Andalus.

Imam Sarkashi (d.1112 CE)

1118-35

Khalifah Al-Mustarshid Billah

1135-36

Khalifah Ar-Rashid Billah

1136-60

Khalifah Al-Muqtafi Li-Amrillah

1148

Khair Ad-Din Zinki defeated the Crusaders next to Damascus.

1160-70

Khalifah Al-Mustanjid Billah

1169-93 CE / 564-89 AH

Salah Ad-Din ruled Misr (Egypt).

The defeat of the Fatimids. Al-Azhar now teaches Islam in the right way.

1170-79

Khalifah Al-Mustadhi Bi-Amrillah

1171

Salah Ad-Din gave Ba’yah (pledge of allegiance) to the Khalifah.

1177

Salah Ad-Din built Cairo wall.

Ibn ‘Asakir (d.1193 CE)

1179-1225

Khalifah An-Nasir Li-Dinillah

1187

*Salah Ad-Din defeated the Crusaders in Hittin (Palestine), liberated Al-Quds

(Jerusalem) and Syria.

1193

Salah Ad-Din died.

Ibn Rushd (d. 1217 CE)

1219

The Crusaders captured Dumiat (in Misr).

1220

Jangiz Khan of At-Tatar conquered Turkistan, Bukhara, Samarqand and Khorasan.

1221

Al-Malik Al-Kamil liberated Dumiat.

1225-26

Khalifah Az-Zahir Bi-Amrillah

Imam Al Razi (d. 1228 CE)

1226-42

Khalifah Al-Mustansir Billah

1229 CE / 626 AH

Crusaders capture Jerusalem for the Second time.

Ibn Qadamah (d. 1242 CE)

1242-58

Khalifah Al-Musta’sim Billah

1244 CE / 642 AH

Jerusalem liberated again.

1249 CE / 647 AH

Seventh and the last Crusade led by Louis IX; it failed.

1256

Final defeat of Assassins by Tartars.

1258

Hulaku conquered Baghdad and killed the Khalifah; At-Tatar massacred 1.6 million Muslims. Two

traitors: Ibn al-Alqami and Nasir Uddin al-Tousi helped the Tatars.

1258 CE was a major turning point in the intellectual decline of the Muslim Ummah. It only became

worse since.

No Khilafah for 3.5 years

Al-Malik Al-Muzaffar Qutuz (of Misr) defeated At-Tatar in ‘Ayn Jalut (Palestine).

Imam Nawawi (1223-1277 CE)

1261-62

Al-Mustansir Billah, last Khalifah in Baghdad.

1262-1301

Khalifah Al-Hakim Bi-Amrillah I

1262

Many groups of At-Tatar accepted Islam.

1265

Ibn Al-Ahmar recovered 32 cities in Al-Andalus (Spain).

Hulaku, king of At-Tatar died.

1281

Al-Malik Al-Mansur Qalawun (of Misr) defeated At-Tatar in Syria.

Sultan Qalawun liberated Tripoli (in Syria) from the Crusaders after 150 years.

1293

Islam spread among the army of At-Tatar.

1299-1326

‘Othman the First. First ‘Othmani Sultan. He fought the Romans.

Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328 CE)

1301-1339

Khalifah Al-Mustakfi Billah, I

1326-59

Ourkhan the 1st, second ‘Othmani Sultan.

Ourkhan conquered Minor Asia (Turkey).

Ibn Kathir (1300-1373 CE)

Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah (d.1350 CE)

1339-41

Khalifah Al-Wathiq Billah, I

1341-52

Khalifah Al-Hakim Bi-Amrillah, II

1352-89

Murad the 1st, third ‘Othmani Sultan.

1352-62

Khalifah Al-Mu’tadhid Billah, I

1361

Murad liberated Adranah.

1362-77

Khalifah Al-Mutakwakkil ‘Alallah, I (First Reign)

1365-1405

Taimulink (Mongols) started his wars against the Muslims.

1377-77

Khalifah Al-Mustasim, I (First Reign)

1377-83

Khalifah Al-Mutakwakkil ‘Alallah, I (Second Reign)

1383-86

Khalifah Al-Wathiq Billah, II

1383

Murad liberated Sofia.

1386-89

Khalifah Al-Musta’sim Billah, I (Second Reign)

1389-1406

Khalifah Al-Mutakwakkil ‘Alallah, I (Third Reign)

1389

Battle of Kosova, Murad defeats Serbia (Yugoslavia)

1389-1401

Ba-Yazid the 1st, fourth ‘Othmani Sultan.

1393

Bulgaria liberated by Ba-Yazid.

French and Germans defeated.

Taimurlink conquered Baghdad, first time.

1401

Taimurlink conquered Baghdad, second time.

Taimurlink conquered parts of Syria.

1402

Taimurlink conquered Ankara, Ba-Yazid captured.

Taimurlink freed, many areas opened by Muslims.

1403-21

Muhammad Halabi, fifth ‘Othmani Sultan.

1406-30

Khalifah Al-Must’in Billah

1421-51

Murad the Second, sixth ‘Othmani Sultan.

1422-28

Murad reconquered areas freed by Taimurlink.

Ibn Hajar (1395-1474 CE)

1430-41

Khalifah Al-Mu’tadhid Billah, II

1431

Albania conquered by Murad.

1441-50

Khalifah Al-Mustakfi Billah, II

1450-59

Khalifah Al-Qa’im Bi-Amrillah

1451-81 CE

Muhammad the 2nd, seventh ‘Othmani Khalifah

1453 CE / 857 AH

*Constantinople (Istanbul) liberated by Muhammad Al-Fatih

1458-60

Serbia (Yugoslavia) liberated.

1459-79

Khalifah Al-Mustanjid Billah

1462

Bosnia (Yugoslavia) conquered.

1479-97

Khalifah Al-Mutawakkil ‘Alallah, II

1480

Some Greek Islands conquered by Muhammad Al-Fatih.

1481-1512

Ba-Yazid the Second, eighth ‘Othmani Sultan.

1492 CE / 897 AH

Fall of Granada.

Spanish Inquisition, Muslim rule in Al-Andalus ended.

Imam As-Suyuti (1471-1533 CE)

1497-1508

Khalifah Al-Mustansik Billah (1st Reign)

1508-1516

Khalifah Al-Mutawakkil ‘Alallah, III (1st Reign)

1512-1520

Saleem the 1st, ninth ‘Othmani Sultan.

1514

Tabriz (Iran) conquered, Shah Ismail defeated.

1516

Marj Dabiq battle, Syria captured by Ottomans.

1516-17

Khalifah Al-Mustansik Billah (2nd Reign)

1517-17

Khalifah Al-Mutawakkil ‘Alallah, III (2nd Reign)

923-1349 AH; 1517-1924 CE

Al-Khulafahul Uthmaniyyun

1517-20

Khalifah Saleem, I

1517

Al-Mutawakkil stepped down for Saleem the First.

Al-Ahram battle, Misr captured by Ottomans.

1520-66

Khalifah Sulaiman, II

1521

Belgrade (Yugoslavia) conquered; largest church became a Masjid where

Sulaiman prayed Jumm’ah.

1522

Rhodes conquered.

1526

Buda (half Budapest; Hungary) opened; King Louis killed.

1527

Austria captured Buda.

1529

Buda reconquered; Austria withdrew.

Vienna surrounded without conquering it.

1532

Algeria captured by Ottomans; the Spanish army defeated.

1534

Tabriz conquered again.

Ottomans ruled Baghdad.

1535

Tunisia captured by Ottomans; the Spanish army defeated.

Crete Island conquered.

1539

Peace with Austria which agreed to pay Jiziyah.

1541

Pest (half Budapest; Hungary) conquered.

Austrian King withdrew.

1543

Niche (south France) liberated for a short time.

1549

Sulaiman asked Ibrahim Al-Halabi to write a book on the Islamic Law called Multaqa Al-Abhur;

Sulaiman became known as Sulaiman Al-Qanuni.

1560

Navy defeats Spanish at Jerba.

1565

Malta Island surrounded.

1566

Szeged (Szigetvar in Hungary) conquered.

Sulaiman died from a disease on the eve of victory.

1566-74

Khalifah Saleem, II

1568

Austria agreed to continue to pay Jiziyah.

1571

Cyprus Island conquered.

Pope gathered Venice and Spain and took over Cyprus.

1572

Spain captured Tunisia.

1573

Peace with Venice.

Cyprus returned to the Islamic State, military fine paid by Venice.

1574-95

Khalifah Murad, III

1575

Polonia chose to become under the Islamic State’s protection.

1577

Kargstan conquered.

1578

Portugal invaded Morocco.

Morocco liberated from Portugal.

1583

Taghistan liberated.

1590

Sharwan, Luristan, and Azrabijan liberated peacefully.

1595-1603

Khalifah Mehmet, III

1596

Orlo (Hungary) liberated; Austria defeated.

1603-17

Khalifah Ahmad, I

1606

Peace with Austria, Austria stopped paying Jiziyah.

1617-18

Khalifah Mustafa, I (1st Reign)

1618-22

Khalifah ‘Othman, II

1622

The Inkisharis became strong and started to change the Khalifah as they

wished.

1622-23

Khalifah Mustafa, I (2nd Reign)

1623

Shah ‘Abbas conquered Baghdad.

1625

First Missionaries in Lebanon. Started to corrupt the Ummah’s understanding of Islam.

Missionary Invasion started.

1623-40

Khalifah Murad, IV

1635

Tabriz conquered again.

1638

Baghdad conquered again by Ottomans.

1640-48

Khalifah Ibrahim, I

1645

Crete Island conquered again.

1648-87

Khalifah Mehmet, IV

1663

Neohazel Castle (Austria) conquered.

1672

Limburg conquered for a short time.

Polonia defeated and agreed to pay Jiziyah.

1683

Vienna surrounded for the last time; most of the castles opened but the Pope called the European

countries who helped Austria in defeating the Muslims.

1686

Austria, Polonia, Venice, Malta, Russia and the Pope made Holy Pact and captured Budapest and

Neohazel for good.

1687-91

Khalifah Sulaiman, II

1688

Samandriah, Qlumbaz and Belgrade lost to the enemies.

Muslims lost control of European cities of Udine and Niche.

1690

Samandriah, Belgrade, Udine and Niche recaptured.

1691-95

Khalifah Ahmad, II

1695-1703

Khalifah Mustafa, II

1695-1703

Khalifah Mustafa fought the Russians.

All of the European nations fought against the Islamic State.

1703-30

Khalifah Ahmad, III

1711

Khalifah Mustafa surrounded the Russian Cesar but the army leader

betrayed them for money and released Cesar in a treaty.

1730-54

Khalifah Mahmud, II

1737

Russia and Austria defeated by Muslims.

1739

Belgrade treaty with Russia and Austria; Belgrade and many other places given to the Islamic

State.

1754-57

Khalifah ‘Othman, III

1757-73

Khalifah Mustafa, III

1771

Russian fleet defeated by the Muslim fleet.

1773-89

Khalifah ‘Abdul-Hameed, I

1773

Russia defeated on land by Muslims.

1774

Russia defeated the Muslims; peace treaty signed.

1784-87

Russia and Austria captured many areas from Muslims.

1789-1807

Khalifah Saleem, III

1789

Austria captured Belgrade and Serbia.

Russia captured Bandar.

1798-99

Napoleon Bonaparte captured Misr, bringing French culture.

1790

Peace treaty with Austria.

Belgrade and Serbia returned to the Muslims.

1799

Napoleon defeated in ‘Akka (Palestine).

1801

Napoleon defeated in Alexandria, Abu Qir sea battle.

Peace treaty with France.

1804

The official army formed, besides the Inkishari.

1806

Russia and Britain attacked the Islamic State.

1807-08

Khalifah Mustafa, IV

1807

Britain defeated after surrounding Bosporus.

Muhammad Ali defeated Britain in Rashid; The British left all Misr.

Peace treaty between France and Russia against the Muslims.

1808-39

Khalifah Mahmud, II

1817

Serbia split away from the State.

1826

Greek revolution failed.

Athens conquered.

The Inkishari army cancelled; official army replaced it.

1828

Europe helped Greece to split away from the Islamic State.

The Official Armies fought Russia.

Russia returned many areas to the Muslims after peace treaty.

1830

France captured Algeria.

Khilafah started taking Tanzimat from European Laws.

1839-61

Khalifah ‘Abdul-Majeed

1856

Al-Qirm war; France and Britain fought Russia.

1860

France captured Syria to help the Christians.

Imam As-Shawkani (d.1873)

1861-76

Khalifah ‘Abdul-‘Aziz

1861

France withdrew from Syria.

1864

Serbia independent but under the protection of the Islamic State.

1867

Serbia independent; Muslim armies withdrew completely.

1869-79

Digging the Suez Canal by France.

1876-76

Khalifah Murad, V

1876-1909

Khalifah ‘Abdul-Hameed, II

1876

Bulgarian revolution with Russian help, failed.

Serbia attacked the Muslims with Russian help; Muslims defeated them and

captured Bulgaria and all of Serbia.

1877

Russia and Rumania defeated after attacking Muslims.

Russia and Hungary captured Pleven (north Bulgaria).

Russia defeated and Kasr opened; Russia defeated six times.

1878

Russia captured Sofia, Pleven, and Edrine (Turkey).

Peace treaty with Russia.

Bulgaria and Serbia independent.

Edrine and other Muslim lands returned to Muslims.

Britain captured Cyprus.

Berlin treaty; the European countries divided Muslim lands.

1909-18

Khalifah Mehmet, V

Khilafah controlled by the Turkish nationalists.

1911

Muslims in Libya fought the Italians in Tripoli.

1912

Al-Balqan war against Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia; they captured all Muslim land in Al-Balqan.

1913

Sanusi movement started against Italians in Libya.

1914-1918

First World War; Muslims lost the war and the State shrank.

Britain took over Palestine and Transjordan.

1916

Ash-Sharif Hussein of Makkah rebelled against the Khalifah and fought besides Britain and France

against the Khalif.

Sykes-Picot Agreement by the European powers to carve up the Muslim land.

1917

Balfour promised the Jews a national home in Palestine.

1918-22

Khalifah Mehmet, VI

1920

Mustafah Kamal (Traitor) heads the government in Turkey.

The Islamic State is divided among the Allies who established nationalist

Arab and Turkish governments in all occupied lands; most Muslim

countries became Western colonies.

1922-24

Khalifah Abdul-Majeed, II

1922

Authority of Khilafah cancelled; Abdul-Majeed had no power at all.

1923

Mustafah Kamal (Traitor) declared the Republic of Turkey.

Banned Adhan in Arabic.

1924

No Khilafah

Khilafah cancelled completely by Mustafah Kamal (Traitor) with the help of the Colonialists, bringing

an end to over 1300 years of Islamic rule.

Prophet (saaw) said, "He who dies without giving the Ba’yah to a Khalifah, dies a death of Jahiliyah

(days before Muhammad (saaw))."

1924

Khilafah movement in India.

Secularism announced in Turkey, Islamic State officially abolished.

1925

Islamic dresses for men and women replaced by Western dresses in the so-called modernization in

Turkey. Women’s Hijab banned!

Islamic calendar and holidays canceled in Turkey.

Islamic family laws replaced by Western ones in Turkey.

Mustafah Kamal dies of sexually transmitted diseases.

At his death bed, he suggests that the British Ambassador become Turkish president!

The Ambassador refused the suggestion.

1928

Hasan Al-Banna established Al-Ikhwan Al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) in Misr.

Arabic alphabet replaced by Latin alphabet in Turkey.

1939-45

Second World War

1941

Jamate Islami formed by Moulana Abu Ala Moudoodi.

1947

Pakistan came into existence.

1948

Most of Palestine lost; Israel carved out of Muslim lands.

1949

First American coup in Syria.

Husni az-Zaim came to power.

1952

Nasir came to power in Egypt with American orchestrated coup.

1953

Taqi Uddin An-Nabhani forms the political party ‘Hizb ut-Tahrir’ to re-establish the Khilafah.

1956

Britain, France, Israel attacked Egypt. Sinai and Ghazzah were occupied. Egypt accepted UN

resolution to have UN troops in Sinai. This was actually proposed by the U.S.

1960’s

Gamal Abdul-Nasser misleads the Ummah into calling for Arab Nationalism.

1967

Al-Quds (Jerusalem), West Bank, Ghazzah and Sinai captured by Israel.

1968

British coup in Iraq, bringing Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr to power. Beginning of the rising of Saddam

Hussein.

1969

Qadafi took over Libya through a British coup.

1970

Black September. Massacre in Jordan. Thousands were killed by Jordan’s King Hussain’s and

Arafat’s Armed Forces.

Divisions covering the Muslim World:

1921- Iran, Saudi Arabia

1922- Egypt

1932- Iraq

1945- Jordan, Lebanon, Indonesia, Syria

1947- Pakistan

1956- Morocco

1960- Nigeria, Somalia

1961- Kuwait

1962- Algeria

1971- Bangladesh

1978

Khomenie came to power in Iran via American orchestrated revolution.

Death of Taqi Uddin An-Nabhani (founder of Hizb ut-Tahrir).

1979

Soviets invaded Afghanistan. Millions of Muslims die. After Muslims defeat the Soviets, Muslim

leaders start to fight each other.

Saddam Hussein of Iraq starts the Iran-Iraq war; Millions of Muslims killed.

1982

Israel attacks Lebanon. Sabra and Shatila Massacres.

War and Famine dominant in Africa, due to the direct policy of the West, Russia, UN, IMF, and the

World Bank. 100’s of thousands of people die.

1990

The Second Gulf War by well prepared American plan. 100’s of thousands Muslims die.

1991

Madrid Conference: Israel, PLO, Jordan, Syria and others meet, by the pressure of the U.S., whose

goal is to contain Israel, via the peace process.

Christian Serbs start the genocide in Bosnia, raping, torturing and killing 1000’s of Muslims.

New Problems, Unsolved: Palestine, Kashmir, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Burma, Phillipines, Chechenya,

China, India, Azrabijan, .….

1992

Collapse of the Soviet Union. A natural outcome, of failure of Marxism. US succeeds in its effort of

containing the Soviet Union.

1993

Agreement signed between Israel and the PLO in Washington.

1994

Hebron Mosque Massacre. Jewish settler kills Muslims, while they were praying.

Israel and Jordan sign agreement, giving up Muslims’ rights over their lands.

1996

Israel attacks Lebanon to delay the implementation of its agreement with the PLO.

Israel opens Al-Aqsa tunnel, in another attempt to delay the agreement.

Talibans take over in Afghanistan. Another distorted version of Islam is presented to the World.

We need the Khilafah Now!

Prophet Muhammad (saaw) said, "There will be Nabuwa with Rehma (prophethood with Mercy). The

there will be Khilafah with Ba’yah (pledge). Then Allah will change it when He wishes. Then there will

be Mulkan ‘Adoodan (Rule by force). Then Allah will change it when He wishes. Then there will be

Mulkan Jabriya (against people’s will). Then Allah will change it when He wishes. Then there will be

Khilafah Ala Minhajin Nabuwa (on the path of prophethood). The earth and the sky will bestow their

treasures." (Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal)

The Cultural Association

khilafah@netcomp.net

Last Revision: Saturday, May 13, 2000

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